LED tube lamp

ABSTRACT

A ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp is provided herein, which implements the safety function for protecting the user from electric shock since it conducts only when both ends thereof have been correctly installed into a lamp socket. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp includes a lamp tube, two end caps, an LED module and a power supply module. The power supply module includes a detection module for temporarily conducting two detection terminals of the detection module during a detection stage, so that a pulse current is generated when the LED tube lamp is powered on. The detection module performs a detection based on the pulse current, so as to determine whether to conduct or cut off a current path between the first and the second detection terminals after the detection stage.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/426,785, filed on Feb. 7, 2017, which is a Continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/210,989, filed on Jul. 15, 2016, which is a Continuation-In-Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/066,645, filed on Mar. 10, 2016, which is a Continuation-In-Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/865,387, filed on Sep. 25, 2015.

In addition, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/066,645, from which U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/210,989 claims priority as a Continuation-In-Part also claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to Chinese Patent Applications Nos.: CN 201510530110.3 filed on 2015 Aug. 26; and CN 201510645134.3 filed on 2015 Oct. 8.

In addition, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/210,989, from which U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/426,785 claims priority as a Continuation-In-Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/205,011, filed on Jul. 8, 2016, which is a Continuation-In-Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/150,458, filed on May 10, 2016, which is a Continuation-In-Part Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/865,387, filed on Sep. 25, 2015, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to the following Chinese Patent Applications filed in the Chinese Patent Office: CN 201510557717.0 filed on 2015 Sep. 6; and CN 201510595173.7 filed on 2015 Sep. 18. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/150,458, filed on 2016 May 10 is also a Continuation-In-Part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/699,138, filed on 2015 Apr. 29, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,480,109.

In addition, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/210,989, from which U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/426,785 claims priority as a Continuation also claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to Chinese Patent Application Nos.: CN 201510848766.X, filed on Nov. 27, 2015; CN 201610132513.7, filed on Mar. 9, 2016; CN 201610142140.1, filed on Mar. 14, 2016; CN 201610452437.8, filed on Jun. 20, 2016; CN 201510726365.7, filed on Oct. 30, 2015; and CN 201610044148.4, filed on Jan. 22, 2016.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosed embodiments relate to the features of light emitting diode (LED) lighting. More particularly, the disclosed embodiments describe various improvements for LED tube lamps.

BACKGROUND

LED lighting technology is rapidly developing to replace traditional incandescent and fluorescent lighting. LED tube lamps are mercury-free in comparison with fluorescent tube lamps that need to be filled with inert gas and mercury. Thus, it is not surprising that LED tube lamps are becoming a highly desired illumination option among different available lighting systems used in homes and workplaces, which used to be dominated by traditional lighting options such as compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) and fluorescent tube lamps. Benefits of LED tube lamps include improved durability and longevity and far less energy consumption. Therefore, when taking into account all factors, they would typically be considered as a cost effective lighting option.

Currently, LED tube lamps used to replace traditional fluorescent lighting devices can be primarily categorized into two types. One is for ballast-compatible LED tube lamps, e.g., T-LED lamp, which directly replace fluorescent tube lamps without rewiring the lighting fixture; and the other one is for ballast-bypass LED tube lamps, which omit traditional ballast on their circuit and directly connect the commercial electricity to the LED tube lamp. The latter LED tube lamp is suitable for the new surroundings in fixtures with new driving circuits and LED tube lamps. The ballast-compatible type LED tube lamp is also known as “Type-A” LED tube lamp, and the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp provided with a lamp driving circuit is also known as a “Type-B” LED tube lamp. Compared to the ballast-compatible type LED tube lamp, the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp has better luminous efficacy and longer life time since the power consumption and the malfunction concerns of the ballast can be excluded.

For the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp, the power supply configuration can be categorized into two types. One is single-end power supply configuration, which receives the external AC signal merely through one side of the LED tube lamp; and the other one is dual-end power supply configuration, which receives the external AC signal through both sides of the LED tube lamp. In order to fulfill the light emitting requirements of traditional fluorescent lamps, the circuits of the traditional fluorescent lamp fixtures are designed and disposed for providing the AC signal through both ends of the lamp. For the purpose of replacing traditional fluorescent lamps, an LED tube lamp having the dual-end power supply configuration can be popularized much easier since the installation is simpler than the single-end power supply configuration.

However, there are some drawbacks in the dual-end power supply configuration. For example, when an LED tube lamp has an architecture with dual-end power supply and one end cap thereof is inserted into a lamp socket but the other is not, an electric shock situation could take place for the user touching the metal or conductive part of the end cap which has not been inserted into the lamp socket.

In the U.S. patent publication Ser. No. 20130335959, filed on Jun. 15, 2012, or the U.S. patent publication a solution of disposing a mechanical structure on the end cap for preventing electric shock is proposed. In this electric shock protection design, the connection between the external power and the internal circuit of the tube lamp can be cut off or established by the mechanical component's interaction/shifting when a user installs the tube lamp, so as to achieve the electric shock protection. However, due to the physical characteristics of the mechanical components, the mechanical fatigue may inevitably cause the reliability and durability of the electric shock protection to be limited.

On the other hand, although the ballast-bypass type and the ballast-compatible type LED tube lamps can be configured in the dual-end power supply configuration, there are many different considerations in the power supply circuit design. For example, due to the frequency of the voltage provided from the ballast being much higher than the frequency of the voltage directly provided from the commercial electricity/AC mains, the skin effect occurs when the leakage current is generated in the ballast-compatible type LED tube lamp, and thus the human body would not be harmed by the leakage current. Therefore, since the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp has higher risk of electric shock/hazard, compared to the ballast-compatible type, it is preferred that the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp have extremely low leakage current for meeting strict safety requirements.

In the PCT patent application WO2015/066566, filed on Oct. 31, 2014, a solution of utilizing an electronic switch in the power supply circuit for preventing electric shock is proposed. In this electric shock protection design, a transistor/switch is disposed in series with the input rectification stage of the fluorescent lamp replacement and the LED load, and a current flowing through the sense resistor will be detected for determining whether the fluorescent lamp replacement is correctly connected to the ballast. WO2015/066566 does not address the electric shock problem in the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp.

In detail, compared to the power supply (typically an AC powerline or commercial electricity) for a ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp, the signal provided by a ballast (especially electronic ballast) has relatively high frequency or voltage. Further, for purposes such as one of driving a filament of a fluorescent lamp, a ballast may have to output a relatively high starting voltage as to excite electrons from the filament. So the starting voltage from a ballast can be as high as 1200 volts. On the other hand, the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp is typically powered by commercial electricity with frequency as low as e.g. 50 Hz or 60 Hz and voltage as low as or below about 300 volts. Based on the above characteristics difference between power supplies for the direct replacement type LED tube lamp and the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp, the benchmark and behavior for detecting the installation state is significantly different between the two types of LED tube lamps. For example, since the waveform of the current flowing through the sense resistor may be significantly different between the two types of LED tube lamps, utilizing the same determination criteria to determine whether the LED tube lamp is correctly installed is ineffective and will likely result in incorrect or inaccurate detection results. Thus, if the shock hazard detection of WO2015/066566 is applied to the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp, a wrong detection result is relatively likely to occur, for example, because of the offset of the input voltage/current that may occur for lower frequency power signals.

Further, according to the circuit structure of WO2015/066566, a bias circuit is configured for starting the shock hazard detection, in which the input terminals of the bias circuit are connected to the ballast output at one side of the fixture. Therefore, the bias circuit can form a loop with the ballast and be powered up when one end of the LED tube lamp is installed on the corresponding socket/tombstone of the fixture. However, since there is only one output on each side of the fixture for providing the dual-end power so that the loop of the bias circuit cannot be formed, the shock hazard detection circuit of WO2015/066566 cannot be implemented in most of the ballast-bypass type LED tube lamps.

SUMMARY

It is specially noted that the present disclosure may actually include one or more embodiments of inventions claimed currently or not yet claimed, and for avoiding confusion due to unnecessarily distinguishing between those possible embodiments of inventions at the stage of preparing the specification, the possible plurality of inventions herein may be collectively referred to as “the (present) invention” herein.

Various embodiments are summarized in this section, and may be described with respect to the “present invention,” which terminology is used to describe certain presently disclosed embodiments, whether claimed or not, and is not necessarily an exhaustive description of all possible embodiments, but rather is merely a summary of certain embodiments. Certain of the embodiments described below as various aspects of the “present invention” can be combined in different manners to form an LED tube lamp or a portion thereof.

The present disclosure provides a ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp includes a lamp tube, two end caps, an LED module and a power supply module according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. Each end cap has an external connection terminal and couples to a respective end of the lamp tube, in which the external connection terminals are configured to receive an external driving signal having a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The LED module is disposed in the lamp tube. The power supply module is configured to provide a DC driving signal to the LED module according to the external driving signal. The power supply module includes a rectifying circuit, a filtering circuit, a driving circuit and a detection module. The rectifying circuit is coupled to the external connection terminals, for rectifying the external driving signal to produce a rectified signal. The filtering circuit is coupled to the rectifying circuit, for filtering the rectified signal to produce a filtered signal. The driving circuit is coupled to the filtering circuit, for converting the filtered signal into the DC driving signal. The detection module has a first detection terminal coupled to the rectifying circuit and a second detection terminal coupled to the filtering circuit. The detection module temporarily conducts the first and the second detection terminals during a detection stage, so that a pulse current is generated when the LED tube lamp is powered on. The detection module performs a detection based on the pulse current, so as to determine whether to conduct or cut off the current path between the first and the second detection terminals after the detection stage.

The present disclosure provides a power supply module for supplying power to an LED module according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. The power supply module includes a rectifying circuit, a filtering circuit, a driving circuit and a detection module. The rectifying circuit has two input terminals for receiving an input signal and configured to rectify the input signal to produce a rectified signal. The filtering circuit is coupled to the rectifying circuit, for filtering the rectified signal to produce a filtered signal. The driving circuit is coupled to the filtering circuit, for converting the filtered signal into the DC driving signal. The detection module has a first detection terminal coupled to the rectifying circuit and a second detection terminal coupled to the filtering circuit. A leakage loop conducts when one of the input terminals receives the input signal and the other one of the input terminals is connected to ground via a resistive object. A pulse current is detected by the detection module when the leakage loop is conducted.

The present disclosure provides a LED tube lamp adapted to be installed on a lamp holder according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. The LED tube lamp includes a lamp tube, two end caps and an LED module. Each end cap has a conductive part and couples to a respective end of the lamp tube, in which the conductive parts are configured to be connected to the lamp holder. The LED module is disposed in the lamp tube. A first current is detected from the LED tube lamp when the conductive parts on both end caps are connected to the lamp holder. A second current is detected from the LED tube lamp when the conductive parts on both end caps are connected to the lamp holder. The maximum transient response of the first current is less than the minimum transient response of the second current.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a plane cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an LED tube lamp according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary power supply system for an LED tube lamp according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary LED lamp according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rectifying circuit according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary filtering circuit according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary power supply module in an LED lamp according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a driving circuit according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary driving circuit according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an LED tube lamp according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 10A is a block diagram of an installation detection module according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram of a detection pulse generating module according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 10C is a schematic diagram of a detection determining circuit according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 10D is a schematic diagram of a detection result latching circuit according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 10E is a schematic diagram of a switch circuit according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 11A is a block diagram of an installation detection module according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram of a detection pulse generating module according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 11C is a schematic diagram of a detection result latching circuit according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 11D is a schematic diagram of a switch circuit according to some exemplary embodiments; and

FIG. 11E is a schematic diagram of a detection determining circuit according to some exemplary embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The present disclosure provides a novel LED tube lamp. The present disclosure will now be described in the following embodiments with reference to the drawings. The following descriptions of various embodiments of this invention are presented herein for purpose of illustration and giving examples only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise form disclosed. These example embodiments are just that—examples—and many implementations and variations are possible that do not require the details provided herein. It should also be emphasized that the disclosure provides details of alternative examples, but such listing of alternatives is not exhaustive. Furthermore, any consistency of detail between various examples should not be interpreted as requiring such detail—it is impracticable to list every possible variation for every feature described herein. The language of the claims should be referenced in determining the requirements of the invention.

In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of components may be exaggerated for clarity. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and may be abbreviated as “/”.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, or steps, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or steps should not be limited by these terms. Unless the context indicates otherwise, these terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or step from another element, component, region, or step, for example as a naming convention. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or step discussed below in one section of the specification could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or step in another section of the specification or in the claims without departing from the teachings of the present invention. In addition, in certain cases, even if a term is not described using “first,” “second,” etc., in the specification, it may still be referred to as “first” or “second” in a claim in order to distinguish different claimed elements from each other.

It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to or “on” another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to or on the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). However, the term “contact,” as used herein refers to direct connection (i.e., touching) unless the context indicates otherwise.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element's or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

Terms such as “same,” “equal,” “planar,” or “coplanar,” as used herein when referring to orientation, layout, location, shapes, sizes, amounts, or other measures do not necessarily mean an exactly identical orientation, layout, location, shape, size, amount, or other measure, but are intended to encompass nearly identical orientation, layout, location, shapes, sizes, amounts, or other measures within acceptable variations that may occur, for example, due to manufacturing processes. The term “substantially” may be used herein to emphasize this meaning, unless the context or other statements indicate otherwise. For example, items described as “substantially the same,” “substantially equal,” or “substantially planar,” may be exactly the same, equal, or planar, or may be the same, equal, or planar within acceptable variations that may occur, for example, due to manufacturing processes.

Terms such as “about” or “approximately” may reflect sizes, orientations, or layouts that vary only in a small relative manner, and/or in a way that does not significantly alter the operation, functionality, or structure of certain elements. For example, a range from “about 0.1 to about 1” may encompass a range such as a 0%-5% deviation around 0.1 and a 0% to 5% deviation around 1, especially if such deviation maintains the same effect as the listed range.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and/or the present application, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

As used herein, items described as being “electrically connected” are configured such that an electrical signal can be passed from one item to the other. Therefore, a passive electrically conductive component (e.g., a wire, pad, internal electrical line, etc.) physically connected to a passive electrically insulative component (e.g., a prepreg layer of a printed circuit board, an electrically insulative adhesive connecting two devices, an electrically insulative underfill or mold layer, etc.) is not electrically connected to that component. Moreover, items that are “directly electrically connected,” to each other are electrically connected through one or more passive elements, such as, for example, wires, pads, internal electrical lines, resistors, etc. As such, directly electrically connected components do not include components electrically connected through active elements, such as transistors or diodes. Directly electrically connected elements may be directly physically connected and directly electrically connected.

Embodiments may be described, and illustrated in the drawings, in terms of functional blocks, units and/or modules. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these blocks, units and/or modules are physically implemented by electronic (or optical) circuits such as logic circuits, discrete components, analog circuits, hard-wired circuits, memory elements, wiring connections, and the like, which may be formed using semiconductor-based fabrication techniques or other manufacturing technologies. In the case of the blocks, units and/or modules being implemented by microprocessors or similar, they may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform various functions discussed herein and may optionally be driven by firmware and/or software. Alternatively, each block, unit and/or module may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or as a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry) to perform other functions. Also, each block, unit and/or module of the embodiments may be physically separated into two or more interacting and discrete blocks, units and/or modules. Further, the blocks, units and/or modules of the various embodiments may be physically combined into more complex blocks, units and/or modules.

If any terms in this application conflict with terms used in any application(s) from which this application claims priority, or terms incorporated by reference into this application or the application(s) from which this application claims priority, a construction based on the terms as used or defined in this application should be applied.

Referring to FIG. 1, an LED tube lamp (500) may include an LED light strip 2. In certain embodiments, the LED light strip 2 may be formed from a bendable circuit sheet, for example that may be flexible. As described further below, the bendable circuit sheet, also described as a bendable circuit board, or a flexible or non-rigid tape. The bendable circuit sheet may have ends thereof passing across a transition region of the lamp tube of the LED tube lamp to be connected to a power supply module 5. In some embodiments, the ends of the bendable circuit sheet may be connected to a power supply module 5 in an end cap of the LED tube lamp. For example, the ends may be connected in a manner such that a portion of the bendable circuit sheet is bent away from the lamp tube and passes through the transition region where a lamp tube narrows, and such that the bendable circuit sheet vertically overlaps part of a power supply within an end cap of the LED tube lamp.

Referring to FIG. 2, an alternating current (AC) power source 508 is used to supply an AC supply signal, and may be an AC powerline with a voltage rating, for example, in 100-277V and a frequency rating, for example, of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The power supply module and power source 508 described above may include various elements for providing power to the LED light strip (2). For example, they may include power converters or other circuit elements for providing power to the LED light strip (2). The AC power source 508 is directly coupled to the pins 501 and 502, which then receive the AC supply signal as the AC driving signal.

In some embodiments, the LED tube lamp may be power-supplied at its both end caps respectively having two conductive pins, which are coupled to the lamp driving circuit to concurrently receive the AC driving signal. In certain embodiments, each end cap of the LED tube lamp 500 could have only one conductive pin for receiving the AC driving signal. For example, it is not required to have two conductive pins used in each end cap for the purpose of passing electricity through the both ends of the LED tube lamp. The conductive pins 501 and 502 are correspondingly configured at both end caps of the LED tube lamp 500, and the AC power source 508 is the same as those mentioned above.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an LED lamp according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 3, the power supply module of the LED lamp includes a rectifying circuit 510, a filtering circuit 520, and may further include some parts of an LED lighting module 530. The rectifying circuit 510 is coupled to two pins 501 and 502 to receive and then rectify an external driving signal, so as to output a rectified signal at two rectifying output terminals 511 and 512. In some embodiments, the external driving signal may be the AC driving signal or the AC supply signal described with reference to FIG. 2. In some embodiments, the external driving signal may be a direct current (DC) signal without altering the LED tube lamp. The filtering circuit 520 is coupled to the rectifying circuit for filtering the rectified signal to produce a filtered signal. For instance, the filtering circuit 520 is coupled to the rectifying circuit output terminals 511 and 512 to receive and then filter the rectified signal, so as to output a filtered signal at two filtering output terminals 521 and 522. The LED lighting module 530 is coupled to the filtering circuit 520 to receive the filtered signal for emitting light. For instance, the LED lighting module 530 may include a circuit coupled to the filtering output terminals 521 and 522 to receive the filtered signal and thereby to drive an LED unit (not shown) in the LED lighting module 530 to emit light. Details of these operations are described below in accordance with certain embodiments.

Although there are two rectifying output terminals 511 and 512 and two filtering output terminals 521 and 522 in the embodiments shown in FIG. 3, in practice the number of ports or terminals for coupling between the rectifying circuit 510, the filtering circuit 520, and the LED lighting module 530 may be one or more depending on the needs of signal transmission between the circuits or devices.

In addition, the power supply module of the LED lamp described in FIG. 3, and embodiments of a power supply module of an LED lamp described below, may each be used in the LED tube lamp 500 in FIGS. 1 and 2, and may instead be used in any other type of LED lighting structure having two conductive pins used to conduct power, such as LED light bulbs, personal area lights (PAL), plug-in LED lamps with different types of bases (such as types of PL-S, PL-D, PL-T, PL-L, etc.), etc. Further, the implementation for LED light bulbs may provide better effects on protecting from electric shock as combining this invention and the structures disclosed in PCT patent application WO2016045631.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rectifying circuit according to an embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4, a rectifying circuit 610, i.e. a bridge rectifier, includes four rectifying diodes 611, 612, 613, and 614, configured to full-wave rectify a received signal. The diode 611 has an anode connected to the output terminal 512, and a cathode connected to the pin 502. The diode 612 has an anode connected to the output terminal 512, and a cathode connected to the pin 501. The diode 613 has an anode connected to the pin 502, and a cathode connected to the output terminal 511. The diode 614 has an anode connected to the pin 501, and a cathode connected to the output terminal 511.

When the pins 501 and 502 receive an AC signal, the rectifying circuit 610 operates as follows. During the connected AC signal's positive half cycle, the AC signal is input through the pin 501, the diode 614, and the output terminal 511 in sequence, and later output through the output terminal 512, the diode 611, and the pin 502 in sequence. During the connected AC signal's negative half cycle, the AC signal is input through the pin 502, the diode 613, and the output terminal 511 in sequence, and later output through the output terminal 512, the diode 612, and the pin 501 in sequence. Therefore, during the connected AC signal's full cycle, the positive pole of the rectified signal produced by the rectifying circuit 610 keeps at the output terminal 511, and the negative pole of the rectified signal remains at the output terminal 512. Accordingly, the rectified signal produced or output by the rectifying circuit 610 is a full-wave rectified signal.

When the pins 501 and 502 are coupled to a DC power supply to receive a DC signal, the rectifying circuit 610 operates as follows. When the pin 501 is coupled to the positive end of the DC power supply and the pin 502 to the negative end of the DC power supply, the DC signal is input through the pin 501, the diode 614, and the output terminal 511 in sequence, and later output through the output terminal 512, the diode 611, and the pin 502 in sequence. When the pin 501 is coupled to the negative end of the DC power supply and the pin 502 to the positive end of the DC power supply, the DC signal is input through the pin 502, the diode 613, and the output terminal 511 in sequence, and later output through the output terminal 512, the diode 612, and the pin 501 in sequence. Therefore, no matter what the electrical polarity of the DC signal is between the pins 501 and 502, the positive pole of the rectified signal produced by the rectifying circuit 610 keeps at the output terminal 511, and the negative pole of the rectified signal remains at the output terminal 512.

Therefore, the rectifying circuit 610 in this embodiment can output or produce a proper rectified signal regardless of whether the received input signal is an AC or DC signal.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the filtering unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, the filtering circuit 520 includes a filtering unit 723 coupled to two rectifying output terminals 511 and 512 to receive and to filter out ripples of a rectified signal from the rectifying circuit 510. Accordingly, the waveform of a filtered signal is smoother than that of the rectified signal.

The filtering unit 723 includes a pi filter circuit including a capacitor 725, an inductor 726, and a capacitor 727. The pi filter circuit looks like the symbol π in its shape or structure. The capacitor 725 has an end connected to the output terminal 511 and coupled to the filtering output terminal 521 through the inductor 726, and has another end connected to the output terminal 512 and the filtering output terminal 522. The inductor 726 is coupled between output terminal 511 and the filtering output terminal 521. The capacitor 727 has an end connected to the filtering output terminal 521 and coupled to the output terminal 511 through the inductor 726, and has another end connected to the output terminal 512 and the filtering output terminal 522.

As seen between the output terminals 511 and 512 and the filtering output terminals 521 and 522, the filtering unit 723 has an inductor 726 and a capacitor 727, which perform the function of low-pass filtering like the capacitor 725 does. Therefore, the filtering unit 723 has a better ability to filter out high-frequency components to output a filtered signal with a smoother waveform.

The LED module 530 has an anode connected to a filtering output terminal 521, a cathode connected to a filtering output terminal 522, and includes at least one LED unit, such as the light source mentioned above. The LED unit may refer to a single string of LEDs arranged in series, and an LED module may refer to a single LED unit, or a plurality of LED units connected to a same two nodes (e.g., arranged in parallel).

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a power supply module in an LED lamp according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the power supply module of the LED lamp includes a rectifying circuit 510, a filtering circuit 520, and may further include some parts of an LED lighting module 530. The LED lighting module 530 in this embodiment comprises a driving circuit 1530 and an LED module 630. The driving circuit 1530 comprises a DC-to-DC converter circuit, and is coupled to the filtering output terminals 521 and 522 to receive a filtered signal and then perform power conversion for converting the filtered signal into a driving signal at the driving output terminals 1521 and 1522. The LED module 630 is coupled to the driving output terminals 1521 and 1522 to receive the driving signal for emitting light. In some embodiments, the current of LED module 630 is stabilized at an objective current value.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the driving circuit according to an embodiment. Referring to FIG. 7, a driving circuit includes a controller 1531, and a conversion circuit 1532 for power conversion based on a current source, for driving the LED module to emit light. The conversion circuit 1532 includes a switching circuit 1535 and an energy storage circuit 1538. And the conversion circuit 1532 is coupled to the filtering output terminals 521 and 522 to receive and then convert a filtered signal, under the control by the controller 1531, into a driving signal at the driving output terminals 1521 and 1522 for driving the LED module. Under the control by the controller 1531, the driving signal output by the conversion circuit 1532 comprises a steady current, making the LED module emitting steady light.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the driving circuit according to an exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIG. 8, a driving circuit 1830 in this embodiment comprises a DC-to-DC converter circuit having a controller 1831 and a converter circuit. The converter circuit includes an inductor 1832, a diode 1833 for “freewheeling” of current, a capacitor 1834, and a switch 1835. The driving circuit 1830 is coupled to the filtering output terminals 521 and 522 to receive and then convert a filtered signal into a driving signal for driving an LED module connected between the driving output terminals 1521 and 1522.

The switch 1835 has a first terminal coupled to the filtering output terminal 521, a second terminal coupled to the cathode of freewheeling diode 1833, and a control terminal coupled to the controller 1831 to receive a control signal from the controller 1831 for controlling current conduction or cutoff between the first and second terminals of the switch 1835. The anode of freewheeling diode 1833 is connected to the filtering output terminal 522 and the driving output terminal 1522. The inductor 1832 has an end connected to the second terminal of switch 1835, and another end connected to the driving output terminal 1521. The capacitor 1834 is coupled between the driving output terminals 1521 and 1522 to stabilize the voltage between the driving output terminals 1521 and 1522.

The controller 1831 is configured for controlling when to turn the switch 1835 on (in a conducting state) or off (in a cutoff state) according to a current detection signal S535 and/or a current detection signal S531. When the switch 1835 is switched on, a current of a filtered signal is input through the filtering output terminal 521, and then flows through the switch 1835, the inductor 1832, and the driving output terminals 1521 and 1522, and then flows out from the filtering output terminal 522. During this flowing of current, the current through the inductor 1832 and the voltage of the capacitor 1834 both increase with time, so the inductor 1832 and the capacitor 1834 are in a state of storing energy. On the other hand, when the switch 1835 is switched off, the inductor 1832 is in a state of releasing energy and thus the current through it decreases with time. In this case, the current through the inductor 1832 circulates through the driving output terminals 1521 and 1522, the freewheeling diode 1833, and back to the inductor 1832.

In some embodiments the capacitor 1834 is an optional element, so it can be omitted and is thus depicted in a dotted line in FIG. 8. When the capacitor 1834 is omitted, no matter whether the switch 1835 is turned on or off, the current through the inductor 1832 will flow through the driving output terminals 1521 and 1522 to drive the LED module to continue emitting light.

As described above, because the controller 1831 included in the driving circuit 1830 is configured for controlling when to turn a switch 1835 on (in a conducting state) or off (in a cutoff state) according to a current detection signal S535 and/or a current detection signal S531, the driving circuit 1830 can maintain a stable current flow through the LED module. Therefore, the color temperature may not change with current to some LED modules, such as white, red, blue, or green LED modules. For example, an LED can retain the same color temperature under different illumination conditions. In some embodiments, because the inductor 1832 plays the role of the energy-storing circuit releases the stored power when the switch 1835 cuts off, the voltage/current flowing through the LED module remains above a predetermined voltage/current level so that the LED module may continue to emit light maintaining the same color temperature. In this way, when the switch 1835 conducts again, the voltage/current flowing through the LED module does not need to be adjusted to go from a minimum value to a maximum value. Accordingly, the LED module lighting with flickering can be avoided, the entire illumination can be improved, the lowest conducting period can be smaller, and the driving frequency can be higher.

Referring to FIG. 9, a block diagram of an LED tube lamp including a power supply module in accordance with certain embodiments is illustrated. Compared to the LED lamp shown in FIG. 3, the LED tube lamp of FIG. 9 includes a rectifying circuit 510, a filtering circuit 520, and an LED lighting module 530, and further includes an installation detection module 2520. The installation detection module 2520 is coupled to the rectifying circuit 510 via an installation detection terminal 2521 and is coupled to the filtering circuit 520 via an installation detection terminal 2522. The installation detection module 2520 detects the signal passing through the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522 and determines whether to cut off an LED driving signal (e.g., an external driving signal) passing through the LED tube lamp based on the detected result. The installation detection module 2520 includes circuitry configured to perform the steps of detecting the signal passing through the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522 and determining whether to cut off an LED driving signal, and thus may be referred to as an installation detection circuit, or more generally as a detection circuit or cut-off circuit. When an LED tube lamp is not yet installed on a lamp socket or holder, or in some cases if it is not installed properly or is only partly installed (e.g., one side is connected to a lamp socket, but not the other side yet), the installation detection module 2520 detects a smaller current compared to a predetermined current (or current value) and determines the signal is passing through a high impedance through the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522. In this case, in certain embodiments, the installation detection circuit 2520 is in a cut-off state to make the LED tube lamp stop working. Otherwise, the installation detection module 2520 determines that the LED tube lamp has already been installed on the lamp socket or holder (e.g., when the installation detection module 2520 detects a current equal to or larger than a predetermined current and determines the signal is passing through a low impedance through the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522), and maintains conductive state to make the LED tube lamp working normally.

For example, in some embodiments, when a current passing through the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522 is greater than or equal to a specific, defined installation current (or a current value), which may indicate that the current supplied to the LED lighting module 530 is greater than or equal to a specific, defined operating current, the installation detection module 2520 is conductive to make the LED tube lamp operate in a conductive state. For example, a current greater than or equal to the specific current value may indicate that the LED tube lamp has correctly been installed in the lamp socket or holder. When the current passing through the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522 is smaller than the specific, defined installation current (or the current value), which may indicate that the current supplied to the LED lighting module 530 is less than a specific, defined operating current, the installation detection module 2520 cuts off current to make the LED tube lamp enter in a non-conducting state based on determining that the LED tube lamp has been not installed in, or does not properly connect to, the lamp socket or holder. In certain embodiments, the installation detection module 2520 determines conducting or cutting off based on the impedance detection to make the LED tube lamp operate in a conducting state or enter non-conducting state. The LED tube lamp operating in a conducting state may refer to the LED tube lamp including a sufficient current passing through the LED module to cause the LED light sources to emit light. The LED tube lamp operating in a cut-off state may refer to the LED tube lamp including an insufficient current or no current passing through the LED module so that the LED light sources do not emit light. Accordingly, the occurrence of electric shock caused by touching the conductive part of the LED tube lamp which is incorrectly installed on the lamp socket or holder can be efficiently avoided.

Referring to FIG. 10A, a block diagram of an installation detection module in accordance with certain embodiments is illustrated. The installation detection module includes a switch circuit 2580, a detection pulse generating module 2540, a detection result latching circuit 2560, and a detection determining circuit 2570. Certain of these circuits or modules may be referred to as first, second, third, etc., circuits as a naming convention to differentiate them from each other.

The detection determining circuit 2570 is coupled to and detects the signal between the installation detection terminals 2521 (through a switch circuit coupling terminal 2581 and the switch circuit 2580) and 2522. The detection determining circuit 2570 is also coupled to the detection result latching circuit 2560 via a detection result terminal 2571 to transmit the detection result signal to the detection result latching circuit 2560. The detection determining circuit 2570 may be configured to detect a current passing through terminals 2521 and 2522 (e.g., to detect whether the current is above or below a specific current value).

The detection pulse generating module 2540 is coupled to the detection result latching circuit 2560 via a pulse signal output terminal 2541, and generates a pulse signal to inform the detection result latching circuit 2560 of a time point for latching (storing) the detection result. For example, the detection pulse generating module 2540 may be a circuit configured to generate a signal that causes a latching circuit, such as the detection result latching circuit 2560 to enter and remain in a state that corresponds to one of a conducting state or a cut-off state for the LED tube lamp. The detection result latching circuit 2560 stores the detection result according to the detection result signal (or detection result signal and pulse signal), and transmits or provides the detection result to the switch circuit 2580 coupled to the detection result latching circuit 2560 via a detection result latching terminal 2561. The switch circuit 2580 controls the state between conducting or cut off between the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522 according to the detection result.

Referring to FIG. 10B, a schematic diagram of a detection pulse generating module in accordance with certain embodiments is illustrated. A detection pulse generating module 2640 may be a circuit that includes multiple capacitors 2642, 2645, and 2646, multiple resistors 2643, 2647, and 2648, two buffers 2644 and 2651, an inverter 2650, a diode 2649, and an OR gate 2652. The capacitor 2642 may be referred to as a first capacitor 2642, the capacitor 2645 may be referred to as a second capacitor 2645, and the capacitor 2646 may be referred to as a third capacitor 2646. The resistor 2643 may be referred to as a first resistor 2643, the resistor 2647 may be referred to as a second resistor 2647, and the resistor 2648 may be referred to as a third resistor 2648. The buffer 2644 may be referred to as a first buffer 2644 and the buffer 2651 may be referred to as a second buffer 2651. The diode 2649 may be referred to as a first diode 2649 and the OR gate 2652 may be referred to as a first OR gate 2652. With use or operation, the capacitor 2642 and the resistor 2643 connect in series between a driving voltage (e.g., a driving voltage source, which may be a node of a power supply), such as VCC usually defined as a high logic level voltage, and a reference voltage (or potential), such as ground potential in this embodiment. The connection node between the capacitor 2642 and the resistor 2643 is coupled to an input terminal of the buffer 2644. In this exemplary embodiment, the buffer 2644 includes two inverters connected in series between an input terminal and an output terminal of the buffer 2644. The resistor 2647 is coupled between the driving voltage, e.g., VCC, and an input terminal of the inverter 2650. The resistor 2648 is coupled between an input terminal of the buffer 2651 and the reference voltage, e.g. ground potential in this embodiment. An anode of the diode 2649 is grounded and a cathode of the diode 2649 is coupled to the input terminal of the buffer 2651. First ends of the capacitors 2645 and 2646 are jointly coupled to an output terminal of the buffer 2644, and second, opposite ends of the capacitors 2645 and 2646 are respectively coupled to the input terminal of the inverter 2650 and the input terminal of the buffer 2651. In this exemplary embodiment, the buffer 2651 includes two inverters connected in series between an input terminal and an output terminal of the buffer 2651. An output terminal of the inverter 2650 and an output terminal of the buffer 2651 are coupled to two input terminals of the OR gate 2652. According to certain embodiments, the voltage (or potential) for “high logic level” and “low logic level” mentioned in this specification are all relative to another voltage (or potential) or a certain reference voltage (or potential) in circuits, and further may be described as “logic high logic level” and “logic low logic level.”

When an end cap of an LED tube lamp is inserted into a lamp socket and the other end cap thereof is electrically coupled to a human body, or when both end caps of the LED tube lamp are inserted into the lamp socket, the LED tube lamp is conductive with electricity. At this moment, the installation detection module (e.g., the installation detection module 2520 as illustrated in FIG. 9) enters into a detection stage. The voltage on the connection node of the capacitor 2642 and the resistor 2643 is high initially (equals to the driving voltage, VCC) and decreases with time to zero finally. The input terminal of the buffer 2644 is coupled to the connection node of the capacitor 2642 and the resistor 2643, so the buffer 2644 outputs a high logic level signal at the beginning and changes to output a low logic level signal when the voltage on the connection node of the capacitor 2642 and the resistor 2643 decreases to a low logic trigger logic level. As a result, the buffer 2644 is configured to produce an input pulse signal and then remain in a low logic level thereafter (stops outputting the input pulse signal.) The width for the input pulse signal may be described as equal to one (initial setting) time period, which is determined by the capacitance value of the capacitor 2642 and the resistance value of the resistor 2643.

Next, the operations for the buffer 2644 to produce the pulse signal with the initial setting time period will be described below. Since the voltage on a first end of the capacitor 2645 and on a first end of the resistor 2647 is equal to the driving voltage VCC, the voltage on the connection node of both of them is also a high logic level. The first end of the resistor 2648 is grounded and the first end of the capacitor 2646 receives the input pulse signal from the buffer 2644, so the connection node of the capacitor 2646 and the resistor 2648 has a high logic level voltage at the beginning but this voltage decreases with time to zero (in the meantime, the capacitor stores the voltage being equal to or approaching the driving voltage VCC.) Accordingly, initially the inverter 2650 outputs a low logic level signal and the buffer 2651 outputs a high logic level signal, and hence the OR gate 2652 outputs a high logic level signal (a first pulse signal) at the pulse signal output terminal 2541. At this moment, the detection result latching circuit 2560 (as illustrated in FIG. 10A) stores the detection result for the first time according to the detection result signal received from the detection determining circuit 2570 (as illustrated in FIG. 10A) and the pulse signal generated at the pulse signal output terminal 2541. During that initial pulse time period, as illustrated in FIG. 10A, the detection pulse generating module 2540 outputs a high logic level signal, which results in the detection result latching circuit 2560 outputting the result of that high logic level signal.

When the voltage on the connection node of the capacitor 2646 and the resistor 2648 decreases to the low logic trigger logic level, the buffer 2651 changes to output a low logic level signal to make the OR gate 2652 output a low logic level signal at the pulse signal output terminal 2541 (stops outputting the first pulse signal.) The width of the first pulse signal output from the OR gate 2652 is determined by the capacitance value of the capacitor 2646 and the resistance value of the resistor 2648.

The operation after the buffer 2644 stops outputting the pulse signal is described as below. For example, the operation may be initially in an operating stage. Since the capacitor 2646 stores the voltage being almost equal to the driving voltage VCC, and when the buffer 2644 instantaneously changes its output from a high logic level signal to a low logic level signal, the voltage on the connection node of the capacitor 2646 and the resistor 2648 is below zero but will be pulled up to zero by the diode 2649 rapidly charging the capacitor 2646. Therefore, the buffer 2651 still outputs a low logic level signal.

In some embodiments, when the buffer 2644 instantaneously changes its output from a high logic level signal to a low logic level signal, the voltage on the one end of the capacitor 2645 also changes from the driving voltage VCC to zero instantly. This makes the connection node of the capacitor 2645 and the resistor 2647 have a low logic level signal. At this moment, the output of the inverter 2650 changes to a high logic level signal to make the OR gate output a high logic level signal (a second pulse signal) at the pulse signal output terminal 2541. The detection result latching circuit 2560 as illustrated in FIG. 10A stores the detection result for a second time according to the detection result signal received from the detection determining circuit 2570 (as illustrated in FIG. 10A) and the pulse signal generated at the pulse signal output terminal 2541. Next, the driving voltage VCC charges the capacitor 2645 through the resistor 2647 to make the voltage on the connection node of the capacitor 2645 and the resistor 2647 increase with time to the driving voltage VCC. When the voltage on the connection node of the capacitor 2645 and the resistor 2647 increases to reach a high logic trigger logic level, the inverter 2650 outputs a low logic level signal again to make the OR gate 2652 stop outputting the second pulse signal. The width of the second pulse signal is determined by the capacitance value of the capacitor 2645 and the resistance value of the resistor 2647.

As those mentioned above, in certain embodiments, the detection pulse generating module 2640 generates two high logic level pulse signals in the detection stage, which are the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal. These pulse signals are output from the pulse signal output terminal 2541. Moreover, there is an interval with a defined time between the first and second pulse signals (e.g., an opposite-logic signal, which may have a low logic level when the pulse signals have a high logic level), and the defined time is determined by the capacitance value of the capacitor 2642 and the resistance value of the resistor 2643.

From the detection stage entering the operating stage, the detection pulse generating module 2640 does not produce the pulse signal any more, and keeps the pulse signal output terminal 2541 on a low logic level potential. As described herein, the operating stage is the stage following the detection stage (e.g., following the time after the second pulse signal ends). The operating stage occurs when the LED tube lamp is at least partly connected to a power source, such as provided in a lamp socket. For example, the operating stage may occur when part of the LED tube lamp, such as only one side of the LED tube lamp, is properly connected to one side of a lamp socket, and part of the LED tube lamp is either connected to a high impedance, such as a person, and/or is improperly connected to the other side of the lamp socket (e.g., is misaligned so that the metal contacts in the socket do not contact metal contacts in the LED tube lamp). The operating stage may also occur when the entire LED tube lamp is properly connected to the lamp socket.

Referring to FIG. 10C, a detection determining circuit in accordance with certain embodiments is illustrated. An exemplary detection determining circuit 2670 includes a comparator 2671 and a resistor 2672. The comparator 2671 may also be referred to as a first comparator 2671 and the resistor 2672 may also be referred to as a fifth resistor 2672. A negative input terminal of the comparator 2671 receives a reference logic level signal (or a reference voltage) Vref, a positive input terminal thereof is grounded through the resistor 2672 and is also coupled to a switch circuit coupling terminal 2581. Referring to FIG. 10A, the signal flowing into the switch circuit 2580 from the installation detection terminal 2521 outputs to the switch circuit coupling terminal 2581 to the resistor 2672. When the current of the signal passing through the resistor 2672 reaches a certain level (for example, bigger than or equal to a defined current for installation, (e.g. 2 A) and this makes the voltage on the resistor 2672 higher than the reference voltage Vref (referring to two end caps inserted into the lamp socket) the comparator 2671 produces a high logic level detection result signal and outputs it to the detection result terminal 2571. For example, when an LED tube lamp is correctly installed on a lamp socket, the comparator 2671 outputs a high logic level detection result signal at the detection result terminal 2571, whereas the comparator 2671 generates a low logic level detection result signal and outputs it to the detection result terminal 2571 when a current passing through the resistor 2672 is insufficient to make the voltage on the resistor 2672 higher than the reference voltage Vref (referring to only one end cap inserted into the lamp socket.) Therefore, in some embodiments, when the LED tube lamp is incorrectly installed on the lamp socket or one end cap thereof is inserted into the lamp socket but the other one is grounded by an object such as a human body, the current will be too small to make the comparator 2671 output a high logic level detection result signal to the detection result terminal 2571.

Referring to FIG. 10D, a schematic detection result latching circuit according to some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated. A detection result latching circuit 2660 includes a D flip-flop 2661, a resistor 2662, and an OR gate 2663. The D flip-flop 2661 may also be referred to as a first D flip-flop 2661, the resistor 2662 may also be referred to as a fourth resistor 2662, and the OR gate 2663 may also be referred to as a second OR gate 2663. The D flip-flop 2661 has a CLK input terminal coupled to a detection result terminal 2571, and a D input terminal coupled to a driving voltage VCC. When the detection result terminal 2571 first outputs a low logic level detection result signal, the D flip-flop 2661 initially outputs a low logic level signal at a Q output terminal thereof, but the D flip-flop 2661 outputs a high logic level signal at the Q output terminal thereof when the detection result terminal 2571 outputs a high logic level detection result signal. The resistor 2662 is coupled between the Q output terminal of the D flip-flop 2661 and a reference voltage, such as ground potential. When the OR gate 2663 receives the first or second pulse signals from the pulse signal output terminal 2541 or receives a high logic level signal from the Q output terminal of the D flip-flop 2661, the OR gate 2663 outputs a high logic level detection result latching signal at a detection result latching terminal 2561. The detection pulse generating module 2640 only in the detection stage outputs the first and the second pulse signals to make the OR gate 2663 output the high logic level detection result latching signal, and thus the D flip-flop 2661 decides the detection result latching signal to be the high logic level or the low logic level the rest of the time, e.g., including the operating stage after the detection stage. Accordingly, when the detection result terminal 2571 has no high logic level detection result signal, the D flip-flop 2661 keeps a low logic level signal at the Q output terminal to make the detection result latching terminal 2561 also keep a low logic level detection result latching signal in the detection stage. On the contrary, once the detection result terminal 2571 has a high logic level detection result signal, the D flip-flop 2661 outputs and keeps a high logic level signal (e.g., based on VCC) at the Q output terminal. In this way, the detection result latching terminal 2561 keeps a high logic level detection result latching signal in the operating stage as well.

Referring to FIG. 10E, a schematic switch circuit according to some embodiments is illustrated. A switch circuit 2680 includes a transistor, such as a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 2681, as being a power transistor, which has the ability of dealing with high current/power and is suitable for the switch circuit. The BJT 2681 may also be referred to as a first transistor 2681. The BJT 2681 has a collector coupled to an installation detection terminal 2521, a base coupled to a detection result latching terminal 2561, and an emitter coupled to a switch circuit coupling terminal 2581. When the detection pulse generating module 2640 produces the first and second pulse signals, the BJT 2681 is in a transient conduction state. This allows the detection determining circuit 2670 to perform the detection for determining the detection result latching signal to be a high logic level or a low logic level. When the detection result latching circuit 2660 outputs a high logic level detection result latching signal at the detection result latching terminal 2561, the BJT 2681 is in the conducting state to make the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522 conducting. In contrast, when the detection result latching circuit 2660 outputs a low logic level detection result latching signal at the detection result latching terminal 2561 and the output from detection pulse generating module 2640 is a low logic level, the BJT 2681 is cut-off or in the blocking state to make the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522 cut-off or blocking.

Since the external driving signal is an AC signal and in order to avoid the detection error resulting from the logic level of the external driving signal being just around zero when the detection determining circuit 2670 detects, the detection pulse generating module 2640 generates the first and second pulse signals to let the detection determining circuit 2670 perform two detections. So the issue of the logic level of the external driving signal being just around zero in a single detection can be avoided. In some cases, the time difference between the productions of the first and second pulse signals is not multiple times of half one cycle of the external driving signal. For example, it does not correspond to the multiple phase differences of 180 degrees of the external driving signal. In this way, when one of the first and second pulse signals is generated and unfortunately the external driving signal is around zero, it can be avoided that the external driving signal is again around zero when the other pulse signal is generated.

The time difference between the productions of the first and second pulse signals, for example, an interval with a defined time between both of them can be represented as following: the interval=(X+Y)(T/2),

where T represents the cycle of an external driving signal, X is a natural number, 0<Y<1, with Y in some embodiments in the range of 0.05-0.95, and in some embodiments in the range of 0.15-0.85.

Furthermore, in order to avoid the installation detection module entering the detection stage from misjudgment resulting from the logic level of the driving voltage VCC being too small, the first pulse signal can be set to be produced when the driving voltage VCC reaches or is higher than a defined logic level. For example, in some embodiments, the detection determining circuit 2670 works after the driving voltage VCC reaching a high enough logic level in order to prevent the installation detection module from misjudgment due to an insufficient logic level.

According to the examples mentioned above, when one end cap of an LED tube lamp is inserted into a lamp socket and the other one floats or electrically couples to a human body or other grounded object, the detection determining circuit outputs a low logic level detection result signal because of high impedance. The detection result latching circuit stores the low logic level detection result signal based on the pulse signal of the detection pulse generating module, making it as the low logic level detection result latching signal, and keeps the detection result in the operating stage, without changing the logic value. In this way, the switch circuit keeps cutting-off or blocking instead of conducting continually. And further, the electric shock situation can be prevented and the requirement of safety standard can also be met. On the other hand, when two end caps of the LED tube lamp are correctly inserted into the lamp socket, the detection determining circuit outputs a high logic level detection result signal because the impedance of the circuit for the LED tube lamp itself is small. The detection result latching circuit stores the high logic level detection result signal based on the pulse signal of the detection pulse generating module, making it as the high logic level detection result latching signal, and keeps the detection result in the operating stage. So, the switch circuit keeps conducting to make the LED tube lamp work normally in the operating stage.

In some embodiments, when one end cap of the LED tube lamp is inserted into the lamp socket and the other one floats or electrically couples to a human body, the detection determining circuit outputs a low logic level detection result signal to the detection result latching circuit, and then the detection pulse generating module outputs a low logic level signal to the detection result latching circuit to make the detection result latching circuit output a low logic level detection result latching signal to make the switch circuit cutting-off or blocking. As such, the switch circuit blocking makes the installation detection terminals, e.g. the first and second installation detection terminals, blocking. As a result, the LED tube lamp is in non-conducting or blocking state.

However, in some embodiments, when two end caps of the LED tube lamp are correctly inserted into the lamp socket, the detection determining circuit outputs a high logic level detection result signal to the detection result latching circuit to make the detection result latching circuit output a high logic level detection result latching signal to make the switch circuit conducting. As such, the switch circuit conducting makes the installation detection terminals, e.g. the first and second installation detection terminals, conducting. As a result, the LED tube lamp operates in a conducting state.

Thus, according to the operation of the installation detection module, a first circuit, upon connection of at least one end of the LED tube lamp to a lamp socket, generates and outputs two pulses, each having a pulse width, with a time period between the pulses. The first circuit may include various of the elements described above configured to output the pulses to a base of a transistor (e.g., a BJT transistor) that serves as a switch. The pulses occur during a detection stage for detecting whether the LED tube lamp is properly connected to a lamp socket. The timing of the pulses may be controlled based on the timing of various parts of the first circuit changing from high to low logic levels, or vice versa.

The pulses can be timed such that, during that detection stage time, if the LED tube lamp is properly connected to the lamp socket (e.g., both ends of the LED tube lamp are correctly connected to conductive terminals of the lamp socket), at least one of the pulse signals occurs when an AC current from a driving signal is at a non-zero level. For example, the pulse signals can occur at intervals that are different from half of the period of the AC signal. For example, respective start points or mid points of the pulse signals, or a time between an end of the first pulse signal and a beginning of the second pulse signal may be separated by an amount of time that is different from half of the period of the AC signal (e.g., it may be between 0.05 and 0.95 percent of a multiple of half of the period of the AC signal). During a pulse that occurs when the AC signal is at a non-zero level, a switch that receives the AC signal at the non-zero level may be turned on, causing a latch circuit to change states such that the switch remains permanently on so long as the LED tube lamp remains properly connected to the lamp socket. For example, the switch may be configured to turn on when each pulse is output from the first circuit. The latch circuit may be configured to change state only when the switch is on and the current output from the switch is above a threshold value, which may indicate a proper connection to a light socket. As a result, the LED tube lamp operates in a conducting state.

On the other hand, if both pulses occur when a driving signal at the LED tube lamp has a near-zero current level, or a current level below a particular threshold, then the state of the latch circuit is not changed, and so the switch is only on during the two pulses, but then remains permanently off after the pulses and after the detection mode is over. For example, the latch circuit can be configured to remain in its present state if the current output from the switch is below the threshold value. In this manner, the LED tube lamp remains in a non-conducting state, which prevents electric shock, even though part of the LED tube lamp is connected to an electrical power source.

It is worth noting that according to certain embodiments, the width of the pulse signal generated by the detection pulse generating module is between 10 μs to 1 ms, and it is used to make the switch circuit conducting for a short period when the LED tube lamp conducts instantaneously. In some embodiments, a pulse current is generated to pass through the detection determining circuit for detecting and determining. Since the pulse is for a short time and not for a long time, the electric shock situation will not occur. Furthermore, the detection result latching circuit also keeps the detection result during the operating stage (e.g., the operating stage being the period after the detection stage and during which part of the LED tube lamp is still connected to a power source), and no longer changes the detection result stored previously complying with the circuit state changing. A situation resulting from changing the detection result can thus be avoided. In some embodiments, the installation detection module, such as the switch circuit, the detection pulse generating module, the detection result latching circuit, and the detection determining circuit, could be integrated into a chip and then embedded in circuits for saving the circuit cost and layout space.

As discussed in the above examples, in some embodiments, an LED tube lamp includes an installation detection circuit comprising a first circuit configured to output two pulse signals, the first pulse signal output at a first time and the second pulse signal output at a second time after the first time, and a switch configured to receive an LED driving signal and to receive the two pulse signals, wherein the two pulse signals control turning on and off of the switch. The installation detection circuit may be configured to, during a detection stage, detect during each of the two pulse signals whether the LED tube lamp is properly connected to a lamp socket. When it is not detected during either pulse signal that the LED tube lamp is properly connected to the lamp socket, the switch may remain in an off state after the detection stage. When it is detected during at least one of the pulse signals that the LED tube lamp is properly connected to the lamp socket, the switch may remain in an on state after the detection stage. The two pulse signals may occur such that they are separated by a time different from a multiple of half of a period of the LED driving signal, and such that at least one of them does not occur when the LED driving signal has a current value of substantially zero. It should be noted that although a circuit for producing two pulse signals is described, the disclosure is not intended to be limiting as such. For example, a circuit may be implemented such that a plurality of pulse signals may occur, wherein at least two of the plurality of pulse signals are separated by a time different from a multiple of half of a period of the LED driving signal, and such that at least one of the plurality of pulse signals does not occur when the LED driving signal has a current value of substantially zero.

Referring to FIG. 11A, an installation detection module according to an exemplary embodiment is illustrated. The installation detection module includes a detection pulse generating module 2740 (which may also be referred to as a detection pulse generating circuit/module or a first circuit), a detection result latching circuit 2760 (which may also be referred to as a second circuit), a switch circuit 2780 (which may also be referred to as a third circuit), and a detection determining circuit 2770 (which may also be referred to as a fourth circuit). The detection pulse generating module 2740 is coupled (e.g., electrically connected) to the detection result latching circuit 2760 via a path 2741 (also referred to as a third path), and is configured to generate at least one pulse signal. A path as described herein may include a conductive line connecting between two components, circuits, or modules, and may include opposite ends of the conductive line connected to the respective components, circuits or modules. The detection result latching circuit 2760 is coupled (e.g., electrically connected) to the switch circuit 2780 via a path 2761 (also referred to as a fourth path), and is configured to receive and output the pulse signal(s) from the detection pulse generating module 2740. The switch circuit 2780 is coupled (e.g., electrically connected) to one end (e.g., a first installation detection terminal 2521) of a power loop of an LED tube lamp and the detection determining circuit 2770, and is configured to receive the pulse signal(s) output from the detection result latching circuit 2760, and configured to conduct (or turn on) during the pulse signal(s) so as to cause the power loop of the LED tube lamp to be conductive. The detection determining circuit 2770 is coupled (e.g., electrically connected) to the switch circuit 2780, the other end (e.g., a second installation detection terminal 2522) of the power loop of the LED tube lamp and the detection result latching circuit 2760, and is configured to detect at least one sampling signal on the power loop when the switch circuit 2780 and the power loop are conductive, so as to determine an installation state between the LED tube lamp and a lamp socket. The detection determining circuit 2770 is further configured to transmit detection result(s) to the detection result latching circuit 2760 for next control. In some embodiments, the detection pulse generating module 2740 is further coupled (e.g., electrically connected) to the output of the detection result latching circuit 2760 to control the time of the pulse signal(s).

In some embodiments, one end of a first path 2781 (also referred to as a first path) is coupled to a first node of the detection determining circuit 2770 and the opposite end of the first path 2781 is coupled to a first node of the switch circuit 2780. In some embodiments, a second node of the detection determining circuit 2770 is coupled to the second installation detection terminal 2522 of the power loop and a second node of the switch circuit 2780 is coupled to the first installation detection terminal 2521 of the power loop. In some embodiments, one end of a path 2771 (also referred to as a second path) is coupled to a third node of the detection determining circuit 2770 and the opposite end of the second path 2771 is coupled to a first node of the detection result latching circuit 2760, one end of a third path 2741 is coupled to a second node of the detection result latching circuit 2760 and the opposite end of the third path 2741 is coupled to a first node of the detection pulse generating circuit 2740. In some embodiments, one end of a fourth path 2761 is coupled to a third node of the switch circuit 2780 and the opposite end of the fourth path 2761 is coupled to a third node of the detection result latching circuit 2760. In some embodiments, the fourth path 2761 is also coupled to a second node of the detection pulse generating circuit 2740.

In some embodiments, the detection determining circuit 2770 is configured for detecting a signal between the first installation detection terminal 2521 and the second installation detection terminal 2522 through the first path 2781 and the switch circuit 2780. For example, because of the above configuration, the detection determining circuit 2770 is capable of detecting and determining whether a current passing through the first installation detection terminal 2521 and the second installation detection terminal 2522 is below or above a predetermined current value and transmitting or providing a detection result signal to the detection result latching circuit 2760 via the second path 2771.

In some embodiments, the detection pulse generating circuit 2740 generates a pulse signal through the detection result latching circuit 2760 to make the switch circuit 2780 working in a conducting state during the pulse signal. Meanwhile, as a result, the power loop of the LED tube lamp between the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522 is thus conducting as well. The detection determining circuit 2770 detects a sampling signal on the power loop and generates a signal based on a detection result to inform the detection result latching circuit 2760 of a time point for latching (storing) the detection result received by the detection result latching circuit 2760 from the detection determining circuit 2770. For example, the detection determining circuit 2770 may be a circuit configured to generate a signal that causes a latching circuit, such as the detection result latching circuit 2760 to enter and remain in a state that corresponds to one of a conducting state or a cut-off state for the LED tube lamp. The detection result latching circuit 2760 stores the detection result according to the detection result signal (or detection result signal and pulse signal), and transmits or provides the detection result to the switch circuit 2780 coupled to the third node of the detection result latching circuit 2760 via the fourth path 2761. The switch circuit 2780 receives the detection result transmitted from the detection result latching circuit 2760 via the third node of the switch circuit 2780 and controls the state between conducting or cut off between the installation detection terminals 2521 and 2522 according to the detection result.

The detail circuit architecture and the entire operation thereof of each of the detection pulse generating module 2740 (or circuit), the detection result latching circuit 2760, the switch circuit 2780, and the detection determining circuit 2770 will be described below.

Referring to FIG. 11B, a detection pulse generating module according to an exemplary embodiment is illustrated. The detection pulse generating module 2740 includes: a resistor 2742 (which also may be referred to as a sixth resistor), a capacitor 2743 (which also may be referred to as a fourth capacitor), a Schmitt trigger 2744, a resistor 2745 (which also may be referred to as a seventh resistor), a transistor 2746 (which also may be referred to as a second transistor), and a resistor 2747 (which also may be referred to as an eighth resistor).

In some embodiments, one end of the resistor 2742 is connected to a driving signal, for example, Vcc, and the other end of the resistor 2742 is connected to one end of the capacitor 2743. The other end of the capacitor 2743 is connected to a ground node. In some embodiments, the Schmitt trigger 2744 has an input end and an output end, the input end connected to a connection node of the resistor 2742 and the capacitor 2743, the output end connected to the detection result latching circuit 2760 via the third path 2741 (FIG. 11A). In some embodiments, one end of the resistor 2745 is connected to the connection node of the resistor 2742 and the capacitor 2743 and the other end of the resistor 2745 is connected to a collector of the transistor 2746. An emitter of the transistor 2746 is connected to a ground node. In some embodiments, one end of the resistor 2747 is connected to a base of the transistor 2746 and the other end of the resistor 2747 is connected to the detection result latching circuit 2760 (FIG. 11A) and the switch circuit 2780 (FIG. 11A) via the fourth path 2761. In certain embodiments, the detection pulse generating module 2740 further includes: a Zener diode 2748, having an anode and a cathode, the anode connected to the other end of the capacitor 2743 to the ground, the cathode connected to the end of the capacitor 2743 (the connection node of the resistor 2742 and the capacitor 2743).

Referring to FIG. 11C, a detection result latching circuit according to an exemplary embodiment is illustrated. The detection result latching circuit 2760 includes: a D flip-flop 2762 (which also may be referred to as a second D flip-flop), having a data input end D, a clock input end CLK, and an output end Q, the data input end D connected to the driving signal mentioned above (e.g., Vcc), the clock input end CLK connected to the detection determining circuit 2770 (FIG. 11A); and an OR gate 2763 (which also may be referred to as a third OR gate), having a first input end, a second input end, and an output end, the first input end connected to the output end of the Schmitt trigger 2744 (FIG. 11B), the second input end connected to the output end Q of the D flip-flop 2762, the output end of the OR gate 2763 connected to the other end of the resistor 2747 (FIG. 11B) and the switch circuit 2780 (FIG. 11A).

Referring to FIG. 11D, a switch circuit according to an exemplary embodiment is illustrated. The switch circuit 2780 includes: a transistor 2782 (which also may be referred to as a third transistor), having a base, a collector, and an emitter, the base connected to the output of the OR gate 2763 via the fourth path 2761 (FIG. 11C), the collector connected to one end of the power loop, such as the first installation detection terminal 2521, the emitter connected to the detection determining circuit 2770 (FIG. 11A). In some embodiments, the transistor 2782 may be replaced by other equivalently electronic parts, e.g., a MOSFET.

Referring to FIG. 11E, a detection determining circuit according to an exemplary embodiment is illustrated. The detection determining circuit 2770 includes: a resistor 2774 (which also may be referred to as a ninth resistor), one end of the resistor 2774 connected to the emitter of the transistor 2782 (FIG. 11D), the other end of the resistor 2774 connected to the other end of the power loop, such as the second installation detection terminal 2522; a diode 2775 (which also may be referred to as a second diode), having an anode and a cathode, the anode connected to an end of the resistor 2744 that is not connected to a ground node; a comparator 2772 (which also may be referred to as a second comparator), having a first input end, a second input end, and an output end; a comparator 2773 (which also may be referred to as a third comparator), having a first input end, a second input end, and an output end; a resistor 2776 (which also may be referred to as a tenth resistor); a resistor 2777 (which also may be referred to as an eleventh resistor); and a capacitor 2778 (which also may be referred to as a fifth capacitor).

In some embodiments, the first input end of the comparator 2772 is connected to a predefined signal, for example, a reference voltage, Vref=1.3V, but the reference voltage value is not limited thereto, the second input end of the comparator 2772 is connected to the cathode of the diode 2775, and the output end of the comparator 2772 is connected to the clock input end of the D flip-flop 2762 (FIG. 11C). In some embodiments, the first input end of the comparator 2773 is connected to the cathode of the diode 2775, the second input end of the comparator 2773 is connected to another predefined signal, for example, a reference voltage, Vref=0.3V, but the reference voltage value is not limited thereto, and the output end of the comparator 2773 is connected to the clock input end of the D flip-flop 2762 (FIG. 11C). In some embodiments, one end of the resistor 2776 is connected to the driving signal mentioned above (e.g., Vcc) and the other end of the resistor 2776 is connected to the second input end of the comparator 2772 and one end of the resistor 2777 that is not connected to a ground node and the other end of the resistor 2777 is connected to the ground node. In some embodiments, the capacitor 2778 is connected to the resistor 2777 in parallel. In certain embodiments, the diode 2775, the comparator 2773, the resistors 2776 and 2777, and the capacitor 2778 may be omitted, and the second input end of the comparator 2772 may be directly connected to the end of the resistor 2774 (e.g., the end of the resistor 2774 that is not connected to the ground node) when the diode 2775 is omitted. In certain embodiments, the resistor 2774 may include two resistors connected in parallel based on the consideration of power consumption having an equivalent resistance value ranging from about 0.1 ohm to about 5 ohm.

In some embodiments, some parts of the installation detection module may be integrated into an integrated circuit (IC) in order to provide reduced circuit layout space resulting in reduced manufacturing cost of the circuit. For example, the Schmitt trigger 2744 of the detection pulse generating module 2740, the detection result latching circuit 2760, and the two comparators 2772 and 2773 of the detection determining circuit 2770 may be integrated into an IC, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

An operation of the installation detection module will be described in more detail in accordance with some example embodiments. In one exemplary embodiment, the capacitor voltage may not mutate; the voltage of the capacitor in the power loop of the LED tube lamp before the power loop being conductive is zero and the capacitor's transient response may appear to have a short-circuit condition; when the LED tube lamp is correctly installed to the lamp socket, the power loop of the LED tube lamp in transient response may have a smaller current-limiting resistance and a bigger peak current; and when the LED tube lamp is incorrectly installed to the lamp socket, the power loop of the LED tube lamp in transient response may have a bigger current-limiting resistance and a smaller peak current. This embodiment may also meet the UL standard to make the leakage current of the LED tube lamp less than 5 MIU. The following table illustrates the current comparison in a case when the LED tube lamp works normally (e.g., when the two end caps of the LED tube lamp are correctly installed to the lamp socket) and in a case when the LED tube lamp is incorrectly installed to the lamp socket (e.g., when one end cap of the LED tube lamp is installed to the lamp socket but the other one is touched by a human body).

Correct installation Incorrect installation Maximum transient current $i_{{pk}\_\max} = {\frac{V_{{in}\_{pk}}}{R_{fuse} + 500} = {\frac{305 \times 1.414}{10 + 500} = {845\mspace{11mu}{mA}}}}$ Minimum transient current $i_{{pk}\_\min} = {\frac{{\Delta V}_{in}}{R_{fuse}} = {\frac{50}{10} = {5\mspace{11mu} A}}}$

As illustrated in the above table, in the part of the denominator: R_(fuse) represents the resistance of the fuse of the LED tube lamp. For example, 10 ohm may be used, but the disclosure is not limited thereto, as resistance value for R_(fuse) in calculating the minimum transient current i_(pk) _(_) _(min) and 510 ohm may be used as resistance value for R_(fuse) in calculating the maximum transient current i_(pk) _(_) _(max) (an additional 500 ohms is used to emulate the conductive resistance of human body in transient response). In the part of the numerator: maximum voltage from the root-mean-square voltage (Vmax=Vrms*1.414=305*1.414) is used in calculating the maximum transient current i_(pk) _(_) _(max) and minimum voltage difference, for example, 50V (but the disclosure is not limited thereto) is used in calculating the minimum transient current i_(pk) _(_) _(min). Accordingly, when the LED tube lamp is correctly installed to the lamp socket (e.g., when two end caps of the LED tube lamp are installed to the lamp socket correctly) and works normally, its minimum transient current is 5 A. But, when the LED tube lamp is incorrectly installed to the lamp socket (e.g., when one end cap is installed to the lamp socket but the other one is touched by human body), its maximum transient current is only 845 mA. Therefore, certain examples of the disclosed embodiments use the current which passes transient response and flows through the capacitor in the LED power loop, such as the capacitor of the filtering circuit, to detect and determine the installation state between the LED tube lamp and the lamp socket. For example, such embodiments may detect whether the LED tube lamp is correctly installed to the lamp socket. Certain examples of the disclosed embodiments further provide a protection mechanism to protect the user from electric shock caused by touching the conductive part of the LED tube lamp which is incorrectly installed to the lamp socket. The embodiments mentioned above are used to illustrate certain aspects of the disclosed invention but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

Further, referring to FIG. 11A again, in some embodiments, when an LED tube lamp is being installed to a lamp socket, after a period (e.g., the period utilized to determine the cycle of a pulse signal), the detection pulse generating module 2740 outputs a first high level voltage rising from a first low level voltage to the detection result latching circuit 2760 through the third path 2741. The detection result latching circuit 2760 receives the first high level voltage, and then simultaneously outputs a second high level voltage to the switch circuit 2780 and the detection pulse generating module 2740 through the fourth path 2761. In some embodiments, when the switch circuit 2780 receives the second high level voltage, the switch circuit 2780 conducts to cause the power loop of the LED tube lamp to be conductive as well. In this exemplary embodiment, the power loop at least includes the first installation detection terminal 2521, the switch circuit 2780, the first path 2781, the detection determining circuit 2770, and the second installation detection terminal 2522. In the meantime, the detection pulse generating module 2740 receives the second high level voltage from the detection result latching circuit 2760, and after a period (e.g., the period utilized to determine the width (or period) of pulse signal), its output from the first high level voltage falls back to the first low level voltage (the first time of the first low level voltage, the first high level voltage, and the second time of the first low level voltage form a first pulse signal). In some embodiments, when the power loop of the LED tube lamp is conductive, the detection determining circuit 2770 detects a first sampling signal, such as a voltage signal, on the power loop. When the first sampling signal is greater than or equal to a predefined signal, such as a reference voltage, the installation detection module determines that the LED tube lamp is correctly installed to the lamp socket according to the application principle of this disclosed embodiments described above. Therefore, the detection determining circuit 2770 included in the installation detection module outputs a third high level voltage (also referred to as a first high level signal) to the detection result latching circuit 2760 through the second path 2771. The detection result latching circuit 2760 receives the third high level voltage (also referred to as the first high level signal) and continues to output a second high level voltage (also referred to as a second high level signal) to the switch circuit 2780. The switch circuit 2780 receives the second high level voltage (also referred to as the second high level signal) and maintains conductive state to cause the power loop to remain conductive. The detection pulse generating module 2740 does not generate any pulse signal while the power loop remains conductive.

However, in some embodiments, when the first sampling signal is smaller than the predefined signal, the installation detection module, according to certain exemplary embodiments as described above, determines that the LED tube lamp has not been correctly installed to the lamp socket. Therefore, the detection determining circuit 2770 outputs a third low level voltage (also referred to as a first low level signal) to the detection result latching circuit 2760. The detection result latching circuit 2760 receives the third low level voltage (also referred to as the first low level signal) and continues to output a second low level voltage (also referred to as a second low level signal) to the switch circuit 2780. The switch circuit 2780 receives the second low level voltage (also referred to as the second low level signal) and then keeps blocking to cause the power loop to remain open. Accordingly, the occurrence of electric shock caused by touching the conductive part of the LED tube lamp which is incorrectly installed on the lamp socket can be sufficiently avoided.

In some embodiments, when the power loop of the LED tube lamp remains open for a period (a period that represents the cycle of pulse signal), the detection pulse generating module 2740 outputs the first high level voltage rising from the first low level voltage to the detection result latching circuit 2760 through the third path 2741 once more. The detection result latching circuit 2760 receives the first high level voltage, and then simultaneously outputs a second high level voltage to the switch circuit 2780 and the detection pulse generating module 2740. In some embodiments, when the switch circuit 2780 receives the second high level voltage, the switch circuit 2780 conducts again to cause the power loop of the LED tube lamp (in this exemplary embodiment, the power loop at least includes the first installation detection terminal 2521, the switch circuit 2780, the path 2781, the detection determining circuit 2770, and the second installation detection terminal 2522) to be conductive as well. In the meantime, the detection pulse generating module 2740 receives the second high level voltage from the detection result latching circuit 2760, and after a period (a period that is utilized to determine the width (or period) of pulse signal), its output from the first high level voltage falls back to the first low level voltage (the third time of the first low level voltage, the second time of the first high level voltage, and the fourth time of the first low level voltage form a second pulse signal). In some embodiments, when the power loop of the LED tube lamp is conductive again, the detection determining circuit 2770 also detects a second sampling signal, such as a voltage signal, on the power loop yet again. When the second sampling signal is greater than or equal to the predefined signal, the installation detection module determines, according to certain exemplary embodiments described above, that the LED tube lamp is correctly installed to the lamp socket. Therefore, the detection determining circuit 2770 outputs a third high level voltage (also referred to as a first high level signal) to the detection result latching circuit 2760 through the path 2771. The detection result latching circuit 2760 receives the third high level voltage (also referred to as the first high level signal) and continues to output a second high level voltage (also referred to as a second high level signal) to the switch circuit 2780. The switch circuit 2780 receives the second high level voltage (also referred to as the second high level signal) and maintains a conductive state to cause the power loop to remain conductive. The detection pulse generating module 2740 does not generate any pulse signal while the power loop remains conductive.

In some embodiments, when the second sampling signal is smaller than the predefined signal, the installation detection module determines, according to certain exemplary embodiments described above, that the LED tube lamp has not been correctly installed to the lamp socket. Therefore, the detection determining circuit 2770 outputs the third low level voltage (also referred to as the first low level signal) to the detection result latching circuit 2760. The detection result latching circuit 2760 receives the third low level voltage (also referred to as the first low level signal) and continues to output the second low level voltage (also referred to as the second low level signal) to the switch circuit 2780. The switch circuit 2780 receives the second low level voltage (also referred to as the second low level signal) and then keeps blocking to cause the power loop to remain open.

Next, referring to FIG. 11B-FIG. 11E at the same time, in some embodiments when an LED tube lamp is being installed to a lamp socket, the capacitor 2743 is charged by the driving signal, for example, Vcc, through the resistor 2742. And when the voltage of the capacitor 2743 rises enough to trigger the Schmitt trigger 2744, the Schmitt trigger 2744 outputs a first high level voltage rising from a first low level voltage in an initial state to an input end of the OR gate 2763. After the OR gate 2763 receives the first high level voltage from the Schmitt trigger 2744, the OR gate 2763 outputs a second high level voltage to the base of the transistor 2782 and the resistor 2747. When the base of the transistor 2782 receives the second high level voltage from the OR gate 2763, the collector and the emitter of the transistor 2782 are conductive to further cause the power loop of the LED tube lamp (in this exemplary embodiment, the power loop at least includes the first installation detection terminal 2521, the transistor 2782, the resistor 2744, and the second installation detection terminal 2522) to be conductive as well. In the meantime, the base of the transistor 2746 receives the second high level voltage from the OR gate 2763 through the resistor 2747, and then the collector and the emitter of the transistor 2746 are conductive and grounded to cause the voltage of the capacitor 2743 to be discharged to the ground through the resistor 2745. In some embodiments, when the voltage of the capacitor 2743 is not enough to trigger the Schmitt trigger 2744, the Schmitt trigger 2744 outputs the first low level voltage falling from the first high level voltage (a first instance of a first low level voltage at a first time, followed by a first high level voltage, followed by a second instance of the first low level voltage at a second time form a first pulse signal). When the power loop of the LED tube lamp is conductive, the current passing through the capacitor in the power loop, such as, the capacitor of the filtering circuit, by transient response flows through the transistor 2782 and the resistor 2774 and forms a voltage signal on the resistor 2774. The voltage signal is compared to a reference voltage, for example, 1.3V, but the reference voltage is not limited thereto, by the comparator 2772. When the voltage signal is greater than and/or equal to the reference voltage, the comparator 2772 outputs a third high level voltage to the clock input end CLK of the D flip-flop 2762. In the meantime, since the data input end D of the D flip-flop 2762 is connected to the driving signal, the D flip-flop 2762 outputs a high level voltage (at its output end Q) to another input end of the OR gate 2763. This causes the OR gate 2763 to keep outputting the second high level voltage to the base of the transistor 2782, and further results in the transistor 2782 and the power loop of the LED tube lamp remaining in a conducting state. Besides, since the OR gate 2763 keeps outputting the second high level voltage to cause the transistor 2746 to be conductive to the ground, the capacitor 2743 is unable to reach enough voltage to trigger the Schmitt trigger 2744.

However, when the voltage signal on the resistor 2774 is smaller than the reference voltage, the comparator 2772 outputs a third low level voltage to the clock input end CLK of the D flip-flop 2762. In the meantime, since the initial output of the D flip-flop 2762 is a low level voltage (e.g., zero voltage), the D flip-flop 2762 outputs a low level voltage (at its output end Q) to the other input end of the OR gate 2763. Moreover, the Schmitt trigger 2744 connected by the input end of the OR gate 2763 also restores outputting the first low level voltage, the OR gate 2763 thus keeps outputting the second low level voltage to the base of the transistor 2782, and further results in the transistor 2782 to remain in a blocking state (or an off state) and the power loop of the LED tube lamp to remain in an open state. Still, since the OR gate 2763 keeps outputting the second low level voltage to cause the transistor 2746 to remain in a blocking state (or an off state), the capacitor 2743 is charged by the driving signal through the resistor 2742 once again for next (pulse signal) detection.

In some embodiments, the cycle (or interval) of the pulse signal is determined by the values of the resistor 2742 and the capacitor 2743. In some embodiments, the cycle of the pulse signal may include a value ranging from about 3 milliseconds to about 500 milliseconds and in some embodiments may range from about 20 milliseconds to about 50 milliseconds. In some embodiments, the width (or period) of the pulse signal is determined by the values of the resistor 2745 and the capacitor 2743. In some embodiments, the width of the pulse signal may include a value ranging from about 1 microsecond to about 100 microseconds and in some embodiments may range from about 10 microseconds to about 20 microseconds. The Zener diode 2748 provides a protection function but it may be omitted in certain cases. The resistor 2742 may include two resistors connected in parallel based on the consideration of power consumption in certain cases, and its equivalent resistance may include a value ranging from about 0.1 ohm to about 5 ohm. The resistors 2776 and 2777 provides the function of voltage division to make the input of the comparator 2773 bigger than the reference voltage, such as 0.3V, but the value of the reference voltage is not limited thereto. The capacitor 2778 provides the functions of regulation and filtering. The diode 2775 limits the signal to be transmitted in one way.

In some embodiments, a period (or a width) of the first pulse signal is between 10 microseconds-1 millisecond, a period (or a width) of the second pulse signal is between 10 microseconds-1 millisecond.

In some embodiments, a period (or a width) of the first pulse signal is between 1 microsecond-100 microseconds, a period (or a width) of the second pulse signal is between 1 microsecond-100 microseconds.

In some embodiments, at least two protection elements, such as two fuses, are respectively connected between the internal circuits of the LED tube lamp and the conductive pins of the LED tube lamp, and which are on the power loop of the LED tube lamp. In some embodiments, four fuses are used for an LED tube lamp having power-supplied at its both end caps respectively having two conductive pins. In this case, for example, two fuses are respectively connected between two conductive pins of one end cap and between one of the two conductive pins of this end cap and the internal circuits of the LED tube lamp; and the other two fuses are respectively connected between two conductive pins of the other end cap and between one of the two conductive pins of the other end cap and the internal circuits of the LED tube lamp. In some embodiment, the capacitance between a power supply (or an external driving source) and the rectifying circuit of the LED tube lamp may be ranging from 0 to about 100 pF. In some embodiments, the abovementioned installation detection module may be configured to use an external power supply.

According to the design of the power supply module, the external driving signal may be a low frequency AC signal (e.g., commercial power), input into the LED tube lamp through a drive architecture of dual-end power supply.

According to the design of the rectifying circuit in the power supply module, there may be a dual rectifying circuit. First and second rectifying circuits of the dual rectifying circuit are respectively coupled to the two end caps disposed on two ends of the LED tube lamp. The dual rectifying circuit may comprise, for example, two half-wave rectifier circuits, two full-wave bridge rectifying circuits or one half-wave rectifier circuit and one full-wave bridge rectifying circuit.

According to the design of the pin in the LED tube lamp, there may be two pins in single end (the other end has no pin), two pins in corresponding ends of two ends, or four pins in corresponding ends of two ends. The designs of two pins in single end and two pins in corresponding ends of two ends are applicable to a signal rectifying circuit design of the rectifying circuit. The design of four pins in corresponding ends of two ends is applicable to a dual rectifying circuit design of the rectifying circuit, and the external driving signal can be received by two pins in only one end or any pin in each of two ends.

A protection circuit may be additionally added to protect the LED module. The protection circuit detects the current and/or the voltage of the LED module to determine whether to enable corresponding over current and/or over voltage protection.

The above-mentioned exemplary features of the present invention can be accomplished in any combination to improve the LED tube lamp, and the above embodiments are described by way of examples only. The present invention is not herein limited, and many variations are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope as defined in the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A ballast-bypass type light-emitting diode (LED) tube lamp, comprising: a lamp tube; two end caps, each having an external connection terminal, and each coupled to a respective end of the lamp tube, wherein the external connection terminals are configured to receive an external driving signal having a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz; an LED module, disposed in the lamp tube; and a power supply module, configured to provide a DC driving signal to the LED module according to the external driving signal, wherein the power supply module comprises: a rectifying circuit, coupled to the external connection terminals, for rectifying the external driving signal to produce a rectified signal; a filtering circuit, coupled to the rectifying circuit, for filtering the rectified signal to produce a filtered signal; a driving circuit, coupled to the filtering circuit, for converting the filtered signal into the DC driving signal; and a detection module, having a first detection terminal coupled to the rectifying circuit and a second detection terminal coupled to the filtering circuit, wherein the detection module temporarily conducts to cause the first and the second detection terminals to be conductive during a detection stage, so that a pulse current is generated when the LED tube lamp is powered on; wherein the detection module performs a detection based on the pulse current, so as to determine whether to conduct or cut off the current path between the first and the second detection terminals after the detection stage; and wherein the rectifying circuit comprises: a first diode, having an anode connected to the first detection terminal, and a cathode connected to one of the external connection terminals; a second diode, having an anode connected to the first detection terminal, and a cathode connected to another one of the external connection terminals; a third diode, having an anode connected to the one of the external connection terminals, and a cathode connected to the filtering circuit; and a fourth diode, having an anode connected to the another one of the external connection terminals, and a cathode connected to the cathode of the third diode.
 2. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 1, wherein the LED tube lamp is powered on when the external connection terminals on both of the two end caps receive the external driving signal or when the external connection terminal on one of the end caps receives the external driving signal and a conductive part of the other one of the end caps is connected to ground through a resistive object.
 3. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 2, wherein the resistive object is a human body.
 4. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 1, wherein the duration of temporarily causing the first and the second detection terminals to be conductive is between 1 microsecond and 1 millisecond.
 5. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises: a switch circuit, connected between the first and the second detection terminals; and a pulse generating circuit, connected to the switch circuit and configured to output a signal for turning on or off the switch circuit.
 6. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 1, wherein the filtering circuit is a pi filtering circuit.
 7. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 6, wherein the filtering circuit comprises: a first inductor, having a first end connected to the cathodes of the third and the fourth diodes, and a second end connected to the driving circuit; a first capacitor, having a first end connected to the first end of the first inductor, and a second end connected to the second detection terminal; and a second capacitor, having a first end connected to the second end of the first inductor, and a second end connected to the second detection terminal.
 8. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 7, wherein the driving circuit comprises: a control circuit; and an energy storage circuit, configured to store or release energy in response to the control of the control circuit.
 9. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit comprises: a controller; and a power switch having a first terminal connected to the second end of the first inductor, a second terminal connected to the energy storage circuit, and a control terminal connected to the controller.
 10. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 8, wherein the energy storage circuit comprises: a second inductor, having a first end connected to the control circuit, and a second end connected to the LED module via a first driving output terminal; and a fifth diode, having an anode connected to the LED module via a second driving output terminal, and a cathode connected to the first end of the second inductor.
 11. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 10, wherein the driving circuit further comprises: a third capacitor, connected between the first and the second driving output terminals.
 12. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 11, wherein one of the external connection terminals is connected to the rectifying circuit through a fuse.
 13. The ballast-bypass type LED tube lamp according to claim 1, wherein a leakage current of the LED tube lamp is less than 5 MIU (Measurement Indication Units) during the detection stage.
 14. A power supply module for supplying power to an LED module, the power supply module comprising: a rectifying circuit, having two input terminals for receiving an input signal and configured to rectify the input signal to produce a rectified signal; a filtering circuit, coupled to the rectifying circuit, for filtering the rectified signal to produce a filtered signal; a driving circuit, coupled to the filtering circuit, for converting the filtered signal into a DC driving signal; and a detection module, having a first detection terminal coupled to the rectifying circuit and a second detection terminal coupled to the filtering circuit, wherein a leakage loop conducts when one of the input terminals receives the input signal and the other one of the input terminals is connected to ground via a resistive object, wherein a pulse current is detected by the detection module when the leakage loop is conducted, and wherein the rectifying circuit comprises: a first diode, having an anode connected to the first detection terminal, and a cathode connected to one of the input terminals; a second diode, having an anode connected to the first detection terminal, and a cathode connected to another one of the input terminals; a third diode, having an anode connected to the one of the input terminals, and a cathode connected to the filtering circuit; and a fourth diode, having an anode connected to the another one of the input terminals, and a cathode connected to the cathode of the third diode.
 15. The power supply module according to claim 14, wherein the leakage loop does not conduct when one of the input terminals is floating.
 16. The power supply module according to claim 14, wherein a pulse width of the pulse current is between 1 microsecond and 1 millisecond.
 17. The power supply module according to claim 14, wherein the detection module comprises: a switch circuit, connected between the first and the second detection terminals; and a pulse generating circuit, connected to the switch circuit and configured to output a signal for turning on or off the switch circuit. 